MAKALAH ILMU SOSIAL BUDAYA DASAR
Get a Free Car Insurance Quote Online From Any Auto Insurance Company
You must be able to obtain a cost-free car insurance quote online from any auto insurance company with a website, as well as most of them do these days. If any company tries to bill you for an online quote, don't trouble dealing with them.What should you be looking for in a totally free auto insurance quote? A low rate obviously, however that will certainly depend on the details you provide in the online quote kind.A totally free online quote is truly simply the very first phase as well as no one really expects it to be accepted as it is; neither the driver nor the insurance company. The online quote kind is not usually thorough sufficient to include all of the elements that will choose the best cost of the insurance plan, and you can look after it as a way of comparing a number of companies prior to attracting up a short-list. What several individuals that are trying to insure their private guest autos do, is to choose a lengthy listing of auto insurance companies from which to look for the first totally free car insurance quote online.
insurance, car insurance, life insurance, car insurance quotes, auto insurance, insurance quotes, auto insurance quotes, general insurance, insurance broker, insurance company, cheap car insurance, home insurance, insurance policy, automobile insurance, car insurance quotes online, compare car insurance, liability insurance, best insurance, insurance companies, car insurance online, car insurance companies, online insurance, vehicle insurance, car insurance australia, cheap insurance, rental car insurance, i car insurance, compare car insurance quotes, auto insurance quotes comparison, car insurance california, compare insurance, motor vehicle insurance, auto insurance companies, car insurance uk, auto insurance quotes online, car insurance quotation online, best car insurance, house insurance, car insurance usa, buy car insurance online, new york car insurance, travelers car insurance, cheap car insurance california, car insurance car insurance, insure car online, free online auto insurance quotes, direct insurance, car insurance florida, car insurance ireland, day car insurance, cheap car insurance for new drivers, cheap car insurance uk, geico car insurance, motor car insurance quote, insurance quotes online, direct car insurance, how much is car insurance, free car insurance quotes, car insurance prices, car insurance canada, asia insurance review, health insurance, fwd life insurance company bermuda limited, hang seng insurance company limited, medical insurance, insure, medical insurance hong kong, health insurance hong kong, insurance companies in hong kong, insurance authority, asia insurance company limited, ftlife insurance company limited, hong kong life insurance, china life insurance overseas company limited, insurance premium, liberty insurance hong kong, term life insurance, bupa insurance, hong kong export credit insurance corporation, mortgage insurance, hong kong insurance, travel insurance promotion, chubb insurance hong kong, aviva insurance, best travel insurance hong kong, insurance agent, travel insurance, bochk insurance, travel insurance hong kong, car insurance hk, compare travel insurance, bank of china travel insurance, liberty insurance hk, axa medical insurance, aig insurance hong kong limited, car insurance hong kong, citibank insurance, home insurance hong kong, travel insurance hk, asia insurance.
The last auto insurance policy should be negotiated from a short-list attracted up from the most inexpensive of the totally free online quotes. You can utilize elements such as any kind of unique driving courses to have taken, the rate of obligation cover you desire and any kind of other factors such as the safety and security and safety and security functions that make your car much less responsible to hurt travelers and also much less most likely to be taken or damaged.Perhaps your age, work or household location qualify you for a price cut, or perhaps you have other insurance policies with the company that can be at danger if you do not get that taken into factor to consider. Or you might even move your home loan or life insurance to that business if you get a whacking discount of your auto insurance.The whole factor of an online totally free car insurance quotation is that you could contrast the auto insurance rates being provided by a whole lot of different business. You will certainly get best outcomes if you draw up a list with the assistance of an online contrast site, as well as perhaps a review website.
- direct asia insurance, zurich insurance, bea travel insurance, ping an insurance, bocg insurance, hang seng bank insurance, the general insurance, prudential insurance, allianz insurance, dbs insurance, manulife insurance, generali insurance, china taiping insurance, allied world insurance, ec insurance, msig insurance, china ping an insurance, car insurance calculator, car quotes, progressive insurance, zurich car insurance, motorcycle insurance, aig car insurance, marine insurance, term insurance, insurance agents, comprehensive insurance, business insurance, farmers insurance, the personal insurance, property insurance, accident insurance, car insurance claim, insurance groups, third party car insurance, motor insurance online, car insurance quotation, buy insurance, nationwide insurance, insurances, flood insurance, commercial insurance, homeowners insurance, car insurance premium, comprehensive car insurance, motorbike insurance, car insurance policy, commercial car insurance, renters insurance, commercial vehicle insurance, types of car insurance, building insurance, motor insurance quotes, long term care insurance, motorcycle insurance quote, bike insurance, car insurance rates, disability insurance, car insurance coverage, cheap car insurance quotes, auto insurance calculator, car insurance info, insurance policies, insurance providers, general liability insurance, contractors insurance, insurance prices, van insurance, budget insurance, new car insurance, car insurance estimator, discount car insurance, prudential car insurance, contents insurance, car insurance agencies, buy car insurance, car insurance for young drivers, short term car insurance, progressive car insurance, car insurance cost, used car insurance, aa car insurance, car insurance price comparison, monthly car insurance, how to get car insurance, admiral car insurance, international car insurance, get car insurance quotes, best car insurance deals, car insurance texas, car insurance guide, car accident insurance, business insurance quotes, car insurance ontario, auto car insurance, direct line car insurance, compare car insurance online, short term insurance, vehicle insurance online, car insurance quotes uk.
The Have To Have Forex Trading System Features
When somebody wants to begin trading forex the preliminary choice they should make is which online broker to make use of. It is essential that a new investor conducts study to discover a broker that is going to give them with a top-notch package as there is a healthy quantity of competition within the forex market to pull in brand-new service. Where brokers could interest a trader is in the price to trade, the degree of trader support they provide as well as obviously what trading system do they use and just how excellent is it.Probably one of the most key element that a brand-new trader could define is the trading platform. They should make sure that it could carry out all of the essential needs without delay and also quickly along with be stable as well as safe, i.e does not maintain crashing or delaying when being made use of.
- what is currency trading, currency trading basics, microfx, currency trading for beginners, future option trading, fo re x, futures trading strategies, currency news trading, forexworld, short term trading, day trading tips, online stock market trade, foreign currency exchange rates today, live money exchange rate, what is foreign exchange rate, latest foreign exchange rate, foreign exchange rate converter, i forx, foreign currency exchange market, exchange rate today, today's exchange rate, currency news, foreign money exchange, international currency, international currency exchange, online currency exchange, today's currency exchange rate, online foreign exchange trading, online foreign currency trading, currency option trading, world currency trading, online day trading, currency futures trading, day trading techniques, trading markets, day trading futures, option trading software, learn currency trading, daily exchange rate, currency trading software, currency trading tips, bforex online trading, foreign exchange rate today, foreign currency exchange rates.
Currency trading platforms need to most importantly deal a safety and security for your transferred funds, whether that is $100 or $10,000. One more useful function is the ability to stream real time information for the client to see (unquestionably this applies more to stocks and commodities which trade on a real exchange). This data has to be displayed to make sure that he user could easily and simply locate essential data, for example it should be simple to locate various different currency set listings.The capacity to earn a trade needs to also be straight ahead so there is no chance of putting as well as making a mistake in a sell order when it should have been a buy order or vice versa and afterwards being able to exit the trade easily as well with a clear pip or profit reading on each individual trade.A good added function to a trading platform is the charting software. The far better the charting bundle on the platform the extra accurate the computations that could be carried out. A prominent trading graph duration is the 4 hour graph.
Some extra functions that are worth discussing are systems that could be accessed from mobile gadgets such as PDA's allowing greater flexibility.The software could be either general which indicates that it is developed by a 3rd celebration company and also made use of by numerous different brokerage firms, a prominent example of this currently is MetaTrader 4. Numerous of the makers of additional forex trading programs such as forex robotics and graph indicator plans will have created their products to function straight out of the box on common platforms whereas there could be assimilation concerns with in-house software.
online futures trading, online trading platforms, online share trading, online trading account, best online trading, trading on line, online currency trading, how to trade in foreign exchange, currency trading for dummies, trading forek, how to trade currency, automated trading system, automated trading, online trading system, gold trader, foreign exchange trading, day trading stocks, day trading options, how to day trade, day trading strategies, iforex trading, stock market trading, tradingforex, foreign exchange broker, currency trading, automated trading software, trading demo, commodity trading, broker trading, day trade, daytrading, trading strategies, trading courses, day trading, online trading software, online trade, share trading, trading technical analysis, spread trading, day trader, best trading software, day trading courses, earnforex, forexlive, swing trading, forest trading, intraday trading, online trading, trading system, money trade, learn how to trade stocks, trading software, futures trading, index trading, dailyfx, forexd, trend trading, learn to trade, paper trading, foreign currency trading.Another facet you must be aware of if you are a U.S resident is that some brokers will certainly not permit U.S residents to trade with them, this is due to the SEC being overprotective concerning its citizens and also unfortunately this is not simply restricted to forex.A great idea is to utilize the totally free trial account offered with many online brokers. Court just how it executes and if you are material and could utilize all of the attributes conveniently as well as precisely then you have found the platform to trade on.
Why You Ought To Acquire an Online Masters Degree
You may be able to get a well-paying work with only a graduate degree yet an undergraduate degree is essential in lots of areas to increase pay and climb the corporate ladder. While undergraduate degrees imply you have a good level of expertise, masters levels demonstrate not only a dedication to increasing your understanding about your area yet additionally a dedication to boosting on your own.
fast online degrees, online learning college, get a degree online, online universitys, online courses uk, online electrical engineering degree, online certificate programs, study degree online, private colleges, list of colleges, online education programs, online undergraduate courses, top universities with online degrees, accredited universities, recognized online courses, college university, cheap online courses, accredited online universities in usa, accredited online universities, fully accredited online universities, top online universities in usa, affordable online degrees, best online bachelor degree programs, best online universities in usa, top 10 online universities in usa, top online universities, accredited distance learning, best accredited online universities, online education degree programs, regionally accredited online colleges, online it degree, list of online universities, online nursing degree, online study college, kaplan university online, accredited online schools, cheap accredited online colleges, top 10 accredited online colleges, distance learning colleges, online college classes, online university rankings, online college courses for credit, free online education, online doctorate, best online university courses, accredited online degree programs, top online degrees, best distance learning, accredited online colleges, online history degree, good online schools, what is distance learning, online social work degree, online uni courses, accredited degree, online bible college, northeastern university online, online degree completion programs, online biology courses, free online university, online chemistry courses.
- The conventional technique for gaining a masters degree has and also most likely constantly will be participating in a brick and mortar college. With increasing popularity, online degree programs have ended up being significant competitors to block and mortar colleges as well as colleges. Unless you proceeded with a graduate degree straight after making an undergraduate degree, returning to earn a masters degree indicates taking time away from job and also your individual life.
- The majority of online programs do not adhere to such forced educational program. Online masters degree programs recognize that a great number, if not the excellent majority, or their pupils are permanent professionals, with their own families, hectic with life as well as if they choose to go after a graduate degree demand to do so on their own time. Online programs use that kind of versatility.
online nursing programs, distance learning universities, college courses, online calculus course, short courses online, online architecture degree, distance education, online classes, online music degree, online nutrition degree, free online courses with certificates, online math courses, top colleges, online schools, online statistics course, free online courses, top online high schools, online colleges in texas, university of phoenix online, online colleges in usa, best online it schools, online mba degrees, online graduate programs, online university degrees, online learning courses, accredited online college degrees, online courses australia, best online colleges, best online universities, the best online university, best online schools, online bachelor degree programs, online criminal justice degree, state college, best universities for online degrees, columbia university online, junior college, buy degree online, accredited online masters degree programs, boston university online, online business degree programs, accredited online degrees, online distance learning, online english degree, online engineering degree, best online universities in the world, online art degree, best accredited online colleges, list of online colleges, long distance education.
Online programs have typically been likened to diploma mills that hand higher degrees to any individual eager to fork over the money. Masters degree pupils can be assured that the online programs they enlist in are legitimate programs aimed at mentor specialist skills and increasing the potential for higher wages as well as work bankability.
A Fee of Service strategys health insurance quotes will offer settlement for the physicians and also hospital costs. The guaranteed will pay the company a regular monthly premium. Two sort of fee of service strategy exist.
- Among them is the basic health insurance which provides to pay the area as well as treatment during confinement, the cost of surgery, in addition to some diagnostic procedures and also the medications. An additional fee of service health care plan consists of paying the price of lasting health problems or injuries.
compare insurance, insurance compare, international health insurance, automobile insurance policy, general insurance, commercial truck insurance, motorcycle insurance, how much is car insurance, product liability insurance, landlord insurance, universal life insurance, general liability insurance, health insurance california, renters insurance, dental insurance, new york life insurance, health insurance quotes, temporary car insurance, travel health insurance, auto insurance, health insurance, mercury insurance, mobile home insurance, life insurance, travel insurance uk, cheap car insurance uk, private health insurance, travel medical insurance, insurance broker hong kong, insurance j1, rental car insurance, travel insurance, car insurance quotes, cheap travel insurance, short term medical insurance, car insurance uk, aig insurance, business insurance, insurance uk, compare car insurance, catastrophic health insurance, blue cross insurance, car insurance florida, insurance rates, texas auto insurance, buy health insurance, aetna insurance, insurance broker, home insurance company, term life insurance, insurance blockchain, short term health insurance, insurance industry trend, car insurance usa, car insurance quotation online, trip insurance, insurance singapore, annuity, vision insurance, car insurance, pet insurance, find car insurance, cheap car insurance companies.
BAB 1
PENDAHULUAN
1.1 Latar Belakang
Budaya atau kebudayaan berasal dari bahasa Sanskerta yaitu buddhayah, yang merupakan bentuk jamak dari buddhi (budi atau akal) diartikan sebagai hal-hal yang berkaitan dengan budi dan akal manusia. Dalam bahasa Inggris, kebudayaan disebut culture, yang berasal dari kata Latin Colere, yaitu mengolah atau mengerjakan. Bisa diartikan juga sebagai mengolah tanah atau bertani. Kata culture juga kadang diterjemahkan sebagai “kultur” dalam bahasa Indonesia.
Budaya adalah suatu cara hidup yang berkembang dan dimiliki bersama oleh sebuah kelompok orang dan diwariskan dari generasi ke generasi. Budaya terbentuk dari banyak unsur yang rumit, termasuk sistem agama dan politik, adat istiadat, bahasa, perkakas, pakaian, bangunan, dan karya seni. Budaya adalah suatu pola hidup menyeluruh. budaya bersifat kompleks, abstrak, dan luas. Banyak aspek budaya turut menentukan perilaku komunikatif. Unsur-unsur sosio-budaya ini tersebar dan meliputi banyak kegiatan sosial manusia.Ketika seseorang berusaha berkomunikasi dengan orang-orang yang berbeda budaya dan menyesuaikan perbedaan-perbedaannya, membuktikan bahwa budaya itu dipelajari.
1.2 Rumusan Masalah
Bagaimana perkembangan sosial dan kebudayaan Indonesia?
Faktor apa saja yang mempengaruhi perkembangan sosial budaya di Indonesia?
Dalam hal apa saja sosial dan budaya Indonesia mengalami perkembangan?
1.3 Tujuan Penulisan
Yang menjadi tujuan dari penulisan makalah ini adalah hal-hal sebagai berikut:
Menjelaskan bagaimana perkembangan sosial dan kebudayaan Indonesia?
Mengetahui Faktor apa saja yang mempengaruhi perkembangan sosial budaya di Indonesia
Mengetahui hal-hal sosial dan budaya Indonesia apa saja yang mengalami perkembangan
1.4 Sistematika Penulisan
Dalam penyusunan makalah ini kami menggunakan metode penulisan yaitu metode literatur atau kepustakaaan maksudnya kami menggunakan studi kepustakaan dari berbagai literatur berupa media elektronik.
BAB II
PEMBAHASAN
Perkembangan Sosial Dan Kebudayaan Indonesia
Setiap kehidupan di dunia ini tergantung pada kemampuan beradaptasi terhadap lingkungannya dalam arti luas. Akan tetapi berbeda dengan kehidupan lainnya, manusia membina hubungan dengan lingkungannya secara aktif. Manusia tidak sekedar mengandalkan hidup mereka pada kemurahan lingkungan hidupnya seperti ketika Adam dan Hawa hidup di Taman Firdaus. Dalam memenuhi kebutuhan hidupnya dengan mengelola lingkungan dan mengolah sumberdaya secara aktif sesuai dengan seleranya. Karena itulah manusia mengembangkan kebiasaan yang melembaga dalam struktur sosial dan kebudayaan mereka. Karena kemampuannya beradaptasi secara aktif itu pula, manusia berhasil menempatkan diri sebagai makhluk yang tertinggi derajatnya di muka bumi dan paling luas persebarannya memenuhi dunia.
Di lain pihak, kemampuan manusia membina hubungan dengan lingkungannya secara aktif itu telah membuka peluang bagi pengembangan berbagai bentuk organisasi dan kebudayaan menuju peradaban. Dinamika sosial itu telah mewujudkan aneka ragam masyarakat dan kebudayaan dunia, baik sebagai perwujudan adaptasi kelompok sosial terhadap lingkungan setempat maupun karena kecepatan perkembangannya.
2.1 Masyarakat dan Kebudayaan Indonesia
Dinamika sosial dan kebudayaan itu, tidak terkecuali melanda masyarakat Indonesia, walaupun luas spektrum dan kecepatannya berbeda-beda. Demikian pula masyarakat dan kebudayaan Indonesia pernah berkembang dengan pesatnya di masa lampau, walaupun perkembangannya dewasa ini agak tertinggal apabila dibandingkan dengan perkembangan di negeri maju lainnya. Betapapun, masyarakat dan kebudayaan Indonesia yang beranekaragam itu tidak pernah mengalami kemandegan sebagai perwujudan tanggapan aktif masyarakat terhadap tantangan yang timbul akibat perubahan lingkungan dalam arti luas maupun pergantian generasi.
Ada sejumlah kekuatan yang mendorong terjadinya perkembangan sosial budaya masyarakat Indonesia. Secara kategorikal ada 2 kekuatan yang memicu perubahan sosial, Petama, adalah kekuatan dari dalam masyarakat sendiri (internal factor), seperti pergantian generasi dan berbagai penemuan dan rekayasa setempat. Kedua, adalah kekuatan dari luar masyarakat (external factor), seperti pengaruh kontak-kontak antar budaya (culture contact) secara langsung maupun persebaran (unsur) kebudayaan serta perubahan lingkungan hidup yang pada gilirannya dapat memacu perkembangan sosial dan kebudayaan masyarakat yang harus menata kembali kehidupan mereka .
Betapapun cepat atau lambatnya perkembangan sosial budaya yang melanda, dan factor apapun penyebabnya, setiap perubahan yang terjadi akan menimbulkan reaksi pro dan kontra terhadap masyarakat atau bangsa yang bersangkutan. Besar kecilnya reaksi pro dan kontra itu dapat mengancam kemapanan dan bahkan dapat pula menimbulkan disintegrasi sosial terutama dalam masyarakat majemuk dengan multi kultur seperti Indonesia.
2.2 Perkembangan Budaya dan Sosial Dewasa Ini
Masyarakat Indonesia dewasa ini sedang mengalami masa pancaroba yang amat dahsyat sebagai akibat tuntutan reformasi secara menyeluruh. Sedang tuntutan reformasi itu berpangkal pada kegiatan pembangunan nasional yang menerapkan teknologi maju untuk mempercepat pelaksanaannya. Di lain pihak, tanpa disadari, penerapan teknologi maju itu menuntut acuan
nilai-nilai budaya, norma-norma sosial dan orientasi baru. Tidaklah mengherankan apabila masyarakat Indonesia yang majemuk dengan multi kulturalnya itu seolah-olah mengalami kelimbungan dalam menata kembali tatanan sosial, politik dan kebudayaan dewasa ini.
2.2.1 Penerapan Teknologi Maju
Penerapan teknologi maju untuk mempercepat pembangunan nasional selama 32 tahun yang lalu telah menuntut pengembangan perangkat nilai budaya, norma sosial disamping ketrampilan dan keahlian tenaga kerja dengan sikap mental yang mendukungnya. Penerapan teknologi maju yang mahal biayanya itu memerlukan penanaman modal yang besar (intensive capital investment); Modal yang besar itu harus dikelola secara professional (management) agar dapat mendatangkan keuntungan materi seoptimal mungkin; Karena itu juga memerlukan tenaga kerja yang berketerampilan dan professional dengan orientasi senantiasa mengejar keberhasilan (achievement orientation).
Tanpa disadari, kenyataan tersebut, telah memacu perkembangan tatanan sosial di segenap sektor kehidupan yang pada gilirannya telah menimbulkan berbagai reaksi pro dan kontra di kalangan masyarakat. Dalam proses perkembangan sosial budaya itu, biasanya hanya mereka yang mempunyai berbagai keunggulan sosial-politik, ekonomi dan teknologi yang akan keluar sebagai pemenang dalam persaingan bebas. Akibatnya mereka yang tidak siap akan tergusur dan semakin terpuruk hidupnya, dan memperlebar serta memperdalam kesenjangan sosial yang pada gilirannya dapat menimbulkan kecemburuan sosial yang memperbesar potensi konflik sosial.dalam masyarakat majemuk dengan multi kulturnya.
2.2.2 Keterbatasan Lingkungan (Environment Scarcity)
Penerapan teknologi maju yang mahal biayanya cenderung bersifat exploitative dan expansif dalam pelaksanaannya. Untuk mengejar keuntungan materi seoptimal mungkin, mesin-mesin berat yang mahal harganya dan biaya perawatannya, mendorong pengusaha untuk menggunakannya secara intensif tanpa mengenal waktu. Pembabatan hutan secara besar- besaran tanpa mengenal waktu siang dan malam, demikian juga mesin pabrik harus bekerja terus menerus dan mengoah bahan mentah menjadi barang jadi yang siap di lempar ke pasar. Pemenuhan bahan mentah yang diperlukan telah menimbulkan tekanan pada lingkungan yang pada gilirannya mengancam kehidupan penduduk yang dilahirkan, dibesarkan dan mengembangkan kehidupan di lingkungan yang di explotasi secara besar-besaran.
Di samping itu penerapan teknologi maju juga cenderung tidak mengenal batas lingkungan geografik, sosial dan kebudayaan maupun politik. Di mana ada sumber daya alam yang diperlukan untuk memperlancar kegiatan industri yang ditopang dengan peralatan modern, kesana pula mesin-mesin modern didatangkan dan digunakan tanpa memperhatikan kearifan lingkungan (ecological wisdom) penduduk setempat.
Ketimpangan sosial-budaya antar penduduk pedesaan dan perkotaan ini pada gilirannya juga menjadi salah satu pemicu perkembangan norma-norma sosial dan nilai-nilai budaya yang befungsi sebagai pedoman dan kerangka acuan penduduk perdesaan yang harus mampu memperluas jaringan sosial secara menguntungkan. Apa yang seringkali dilupakan orang adalah lumpuhnya pranata sosial lama sehingga penduduk seolah-olah kehilangan pedoman dalam melakukan kegiatan. Kalaupun pranata sosial itu masih ada, namun tidak berfungsi lagi dalam menata kehidupan penduduk sehari-hari. Seolah-olah telah terjadi kelumpuhan sosial seperti kasus lumpur panas Sidoarjo, pembalakan liar oleh orang kota, penyitaan kayu tebangan tanpa alas an hokum yang jelas, penguasaan lahan oleh mereka yang tidak berhak.
Kelumpuhan sosial itu telah menimbulkan konflik sosial yang berkepanjangan dan berlanjut dengan pertikaian yang disertai kekerasan ataupun amuk.
2.2.3 Peraturan dan Perundang-undangan
Sejumlah peraturan dan perundang-undangan diterbitkan pemerintah untuk melindungi hak dan kewajiban segenap warganegara, seperti UU Perkawinan monogamous, pengakuan HAM dan pengakuan kesetaraan gender serta pengukuhan “personal, individual ownership” atas kekayaan keluarga mulai berlaku dan mempengaruhi sikap mental penduduk dengan segala akibatnya.
2.2.4 Pendidikan
Kekuatan perubahan yang sangat kuat, akan tetapi tidak disadari oleh kebanyakan orang adalah pendidikan. Walaupun pendidikan di manapun merupakan lembaga sosial yang terutama berfungsi untuk mempersiapkan anggotanya menjadi warga yang trampil dan bertanggung jawab dengan penanaman dan pengukuhan norma sosial dan nilai-nilai budaya yang berlaku, namun akibat sampingannya adalah membuka cakrawala dan keinginan tahu peserta didik. Oleh karena itulah pendidikan dapat menjadi kekuatan perubahan sosial yang amat besar karena menumbuhkan kreativitas peserta didik untuk mengembangkan pembaharuan (innovation).
Di samping kreativitas inovatif yang membekali peserta didik, keberhasilan pendidikan menghantar seseorang untuk meniti jenjang kerja membuka peluang bagi mobilitas sosial yang bersangkutan. Pada gilirannya mobilitas sosial untuk mempengaruhi pola-pola interaksi sosial atau struktur sosial yang berlaku. Prinsip senioritas tidak terbatas pada usia, melainkan juga senioritas pendidikan dan jabatan yang diberlakukan dalam menata hubungan sosial dalam masyarakat.
Dengan demikian pendidikan sekolah sebagai unsur kekuatan perubahan yang diperkenalkan dari luar, pada gilirannya menjadi kekuatan perubahan dari dalam masyarakat yang amat potensial. Bahkan dalam masyarakat majemuk Indonesia dengan multi kulturnya, pendidikan mempunyai fungsi ganda sebagai sarana integrasi bangsa yang menanamkan saling pengertian dan penghormatan terhadap sesama warganegara tanpa membedakan asal-usul dan latar belakang sosial-budaya, kesukubangsaan, keagamaan, kedaerahan dan rasial. Pendidikan sekolah juga dapat berfungsi sebagai peredam potensi konflik dalam masyarakat majemuk dengan multi kulurnya, apabila diselenggarakan dengan benar dan secara berkesinambungan.
Di samping pendidikan, penegakan hukum diperlukan untuk menjain keadilan sosial dan demokratisasi kehidupan berbangsa dalam era reformasi yang memicu perlembangan sosial- budaya dewasa ini. Kebanyakan orang tidak menyadari dampak sosial reformasi, walaupun mereka dengan lantangnya menuntut penataan kembali kehidupan bermasyarakat dan bernegara. Sesungguhnya reformasi mengandung muatan perubahan sosial-budaya yang harus diantisipasi dengan kesiapan masyarakat untuk menerima pembaharuan yang seringkali menimbulkan ketidak pastian dalam prosesnya.
Tanpa penegakan hukum secara transparan dan akuntabel, perkembangan sosial-budaya di Indonesia akan menghasilkan bencana sosial yang lebih parah, karena hilangnya kepercayaan masyarakat akan mendorong mereka untuk bertindak sendiri sebagaimana nampak gejala awalnya dewasa ini. Lebih berbahaya lagi kalau gerakan sosial itu diwarnai kepercayaan keagamaan, seperti penatian datangnya ratu adil dan gerakan pensucian (purification) yang mengharamkan segala pembaharuan yang dianggap sebagai “biang” kekacauan.
Betapa pun masyarakat harus siap menghadapi perubahan sosial budaya yang diniati dan mulai dilaksanakan dengan reformasi yang mengandung makna perkembangan ke arah perbaikan tatanan kehidupan bermasyarakat dan bernegara.
BAB III
PENUTUP
3.1 Kesimpulan
Pada perkembangan sosial budaya masyarakat Indonesia. Secara kategorikal ada 2 kekuatan yang memicu perubahan sosial, Petama, adalah kekuatan dari dalam masyarakat sendiri (internal factor), seperti pergantian generasi dan berbagai penemuan dan rekayasa setempat. Kedua, adalah kekuatan dari luar masyarakat (external factor), seperti pengaruh kontak-kontak antar budaya (culture contact) secara langsung maupun persebaran (unsur) kebudayaan serta perubahan lingkungan hidup yang pada gilirannya dapat memacu perkembangan sosial dan kebudayaan masyarakat yang harus menata kembali kehidupan mereka.