GO GREEN SEBAGAI MODEL PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER

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Some extra functions that are worth discussing are systems that could be accessed from mobile gadgets such as PDA's allowing greater flexibility.The software could be either general which indicates that it is developed by a 3rd celebration company and also made use of by numerous different brokerage firms, a prominent example of this currently is MetaTrader 4. Numerous of the makers of additional forex trading programs such as forex robotics and graph indicator plans will have created their products to function straight out of the box on common platforms whereas there could be assimilation concerns with in-house software.

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You may be able to get a well-paying work with only a graduate degree yet an undergraduate degree is essential in lots of areas to increase pay and climb the corporate ladder. While undergraduate degrees imply you have a good level of expertise, masters levels demonstrate not only a dedication to increasing your understanding about your area yet additionally a dedication to boosting on your own.

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6. The conventional technique for gaining a masters degree has and also most likely constantly will be participating in a brick and mortar college. With increasing popularity, online degree programs have ended up being significant competitors to block and mortar colleges as well as colleges. Unless you proceeded with a graduate degree straight after making an undergraduate degree, returning to earn a masters degree indicates taking time away from job and also your individual life.
7. The majority of online programs do not adhere to such forced educational program. Online masters degree programs recognize that a great number, if not the excellent majority, or their pupils are permanent professionals, with their own families, hectic with life as well as if they choose to go after a graduate degree demand to do so on their own time. Online programs use that kind of versatility.

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Online programs have typically been likened to diploma mills that hand higher degrees to any individual eager to fork over the money. Masters degree pupils can be assured that the online programs they enlist in are legitimate programs aimed at mentor specialist skills and increasing the potential for higher wages as well as work bankability.

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10. Among them is the basic health insurance which provides to pay the area as well as treatment during confinement, the cost of surgery, in addition to some diagnostic procedures and also the medications. An additional fee of service health care plan consists of paying the price of lasting health problems or injuries.

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GO GREEN SEBAGAI SALAH SATU MODEL

PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER

ABSTRACT

Karakter secara umum dapat diartikan sebagai nilai-nilai yang baik dan unik yang dimiliki setiap individu dan terpancar dalam perilaku. Karakter yang baik ini dapat mempengaruhi individu lain, yang dalam konteks lebih besar dapat merupakan karakter masyarakat atau bahkan bangsa. Budaya hedonisme disinyalir telah mengubah karakter bangsa Indonesia dari karakter yang tangguh, jujur, cerdas, dan peduli, menjadi karakter yang lemah, munafik, dan tidak peduli terhadap sesame. Atas dasar itu, pembangunan karakter menjadi sesuatu yang dirasa mendesak ditata ulang dalam konteks pembangunan bangsa. Ada beberapa model pendidikan karakter yang dapat digali dan diterapkan dalam kehidupan bermasyarakat. UT memilih go green sebagai model dalam pendidikan karakter. Go green dapat dipahami sebagai gerakan yang memperhatikan kelestarian lingkungan untuk mewujudkan pembangunan bangsa yang berkesinambungan. Perilaku go green dapat dibentuk dan diterapkan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Memperhatikan pendapat Rogers (2004) perilaku go green dapat dibentuk melalui beberapa tahapan, yaitu pengenalan pengetahuan, persuasi, penentuan keputusan, implementasi, dan konfirmasi. Melalui gerakan go green, UT dapat melakukan penghematan dalam penggunaan kertas, listrik, air, memperhatikan keselamatan kerja, penghijauan di sekitarnya.

Kata kunci: environmentalisme, lingkungan, hemat enegri, green office

PENDAULUAN

Tulisan ini didasarkan pada buku UT Go Green: Model Pendidikan Karakter, yang ditulis secara bersama‐sama oleh Dr. Effendi Wahyono, M.Hum, Dr. Benny A. Pribadi, MA, Dr. A.A. Ketut Budiastra, M.Ed, Ir. Basuki Hardjojo, dan Dr. Tri Darmayanti, MA.

Pendidikan karakter merupakan dasar dari pendidikan bangsa Indonesia yang dikampanyekan sejak negeri ini berdiri. Kata-kata seperti nation building dan character building merupakan dua kata yang selalu didengungkan oleh para pendiri bangsa dalam rangka menggerakan rakyat Indonesia membangun bangsa secara berkarakter.

Namun dalam perkembangan akhir-akhir ini kita merasakan semakin banyak perilaku menyimpang dari karakter yang diimpikan oleh para pendidi bangsa. Perilaku tersebut dapat kita lihat misalnya perkelahian pejar, mahasiswa, amuk massa, ketidakpedulian pada sesama, ketidakpedulian terhadap kerusakan lingkungan alam, dan sebagainya. Jika kita jujur, bencana alam, pemanasan global yang menyebabkan tingginya permukaan air laut dan terjadinya perubahan iklim terjadi akibat kerusakan lingkungan yang disebabkan karena tingkah laku manusia yang tidak bersahabat dengan alam.

Perubahan ilklim terjadi karena memburuknya lingkungan di sekitar kita.Isu perubahan iklim saat ini merupakan isu yang perlu mendapat perhatian serius. Salah satu strategi yang dapat dijalankan untuk mengurangi dampak tersebut adalah dengan memperhatikan prinsipprinsip pelestarian lingkungan di dalam setiap kegiatan baik kegiatan yang ada kaitannya dengan bangunan maupun kegiatan yang harus dimulai dari budaya hidup kita sehari-hari dan bagaimana kita kita menciptakan dan memelihara rumah dan lingkungan sehat. Kita semua secara sadar atau tidak sadar adalah penyumbang cukup besar terhadap kerusakan bumi, maka kita harus bertanggung jawab terhadap kerusakan lingkungan alam dan berusaha untuk mengendalikannya (Susilo, 2011).

Sebagai institusi pendidikan tinggi, UT ingin memulai mengurangi pemanasan global dengan mengadakan gerakan UT Go Green. Kebijakan ini merupakan gerakan untuk mengelola kegiatan perkantoran secara efisien dan efektif dalam penggunaan sumber daya dengan prinsip pembangunan berkelanjutan. Program dari gerakan UT Go Green adalah pengurangan penggunaan kertas sebagai sarana kerja, efisiensi penggunaan energy listrik, penghematan penggunaan air, penghijauan setiap lahan terbuka, dan perlindungan kesehatan lingkungan, sehingga dapat membuat warga UT bekerja dengan nyaman dalam lingkungan yang asri. Gerakan UT Go Green ini terus disosialisasikan sebagai suatu program berkelanjutan sehingga terbentuk karakter yang cerdas, jujur, tangguh, dan peduli.

Pendidikan karakter tidak perlu dijadikan mata kuliah tersendiri, tetapi mestinya sudah “menempel” secara otomatis dalam setiap mata kuliah. Demikian juga dengan UT Go Green. Gerakan ini bukan merupakan mata kuliah, tetapi suatu kebijakan yang langsung diikuti dengan tindakan nyata dalam perilaku sehari-hari. Perilaku go green yang tercermin dalam tindakan sehari-hari akan tertularkan kepada orang lain. Karena itu gerakan ini bukan penuh dengan instruksi, tetapi sarat dengan keteladanan, yang dijadikan contoh konkret dalam setiap tindakan. Tindakan yang baik itu akan diikuti oleh orang lain yang pada saatnya akan menjadi bagian hidup setiap orang. Perilaku go green yang sudah menjadi bagian dari hidup tersebut akan di bawa pulang dan dapat menularkan kepada keluarga, dan selanjutnya, keluarga dapat menularkan kepada masyarakat di sekitar, sehingga lama kelamaan menjadi perilaku kolektif
dalam masyarakat.

PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER

Karakter merupakan nilai-nilai perilaku manusia yang berhubungan dengan Tuhan Yang Maha Esa, diri sendiri, sesama manusia, lingkungan, dan kebangsaan yang terwujud dalam pikiran, sikap, perasaan, perkataan, dan perbuatan berdasarkan norma-norma agama, hukum, tata krama, budaya, dan adat istiadat.

Kakarakter berasal dari bahasa Yunani “karasso” yang berarti cetak biru atau format dasar (Doni Koesoema, 2007: 90). Dari pengertian ini, maka karakter sebetulnya sudah merupakan bawaan dari setiap manusia.

Bila ditinjau dari segi bahasa karater berasal dari bahasa Inggris kata character yang diterjemahkan menjadi watak atau sifat. Sedangkan secara terminologi karaketer dapat dijelaskan sifat kejiwaan, akhlak atau budi pekerti yang menjadi ciri khas seseorang atau sekelompok orang. Sedangkan Akhmad Sudrajat mendefinisikan secara lengkap bahwa karakter merupakan nilai perilaku manusia yang berhubungan dengan Tuhan YME, diri sendiri, sesasama manusia, lingkungan dan kebangsaan yang terwujud dalam pikiran, sikap, perasaan, perkataan dan perbuatan berdasarkan norma-norma agama, hukum, tata krama, budaya dan adat istiadat.

Oleh karena itu, pendidikan karakter didefinisikan sebagai suatu sistem penanaman nilai-nilai kepada semua orang meliputi komponen pengetahuan, kesadaran atau kemauan, tindakan untuk melaksanakan nilai-nilai tersebut, baik terhadap Tuhan YME, diri sendiri, sesama, lingkungan, maupun kenagsaan sehingga menjadi insan kamil. Untuk memperoleh hasil pendidikan karakter ini diperlukan upaya yang melibatkan semua komponen. Kadangkala terjadi permasalahan dalam pendidikan karater atau perubahan karakter adalah apabila suatu karakter sudah menetap dalam diri seseorang dalam waktu yang lama dan seseorang sudah berada dalam kondisi nyaman dengan karakter tersebut, Untuk mengubah karakter diperlukan kekuatan kemauan untuk berubah dan seberapa keras usaha untuk merubah karakter. Oleh karena itu. perubahan karakter ini diperlukan usaha yang maha gigih dan sedikit demi sedikit, selangkah demi selangkah.

Pada umumnya karakter atau sifat manusia yang tergantung dari faktor kehidupannya sendiri dan lingkungan yang ada di sekitarnya. Cepat lambatnya proses perubahan karakter tergantung pada apakah lingkungan pergaulan juga menginginkan berubah karakter. Tetapi apakah karakter seseorang dapat diubah? Menurut Koesoema, karakter manusia secara struktur antropologis dapat diubah. Ia membedakan dua macam karakter yaitu karakter ebagaimana yang dilihat (character as seen), dan karakter sebagaimana yang dialami (character as experienced). Karakter sebagaimana yang dapat dilihat dapat berupa kombinasi pola perilaku, kebiasaan, dan pembawaan yang secara terus-menerus dilakukan seseorang secara konsisten. Pada sisi lain, individu memiliki dimensi internal dalam menanggapi rangsangan dari luar dirinya untuk diterima, ditolak, atau dimodifikasi. Inilah menurut Koesoema disebut sebagai karakter sebagaimana yang dialami. Karakter jenis ini lebih mengutamakan peran subjek sebagai pelaku yang bertindak berhadapan dengan diterminasi alam yang dimilikinya. Dengan demikian, ada motivasi dalam diri individu untuk menerima atau menolak impuls yang datang dari luar dirinya (Doni Koesoema, 2007: 92).

Salah satu upaya untuk mengubah karakter seseorang atau kelompok orang adalah melalui pendidikan. Pendidikan karakter adalah suatu sistem penanaman nilai-nilai karakter kepada warga yang meliputi komponen pengetahuan, kesadaran atau kemauan, dan tindakan untuk melaksanakan nilai-nilai tersebut.

Pendidikan karakter dapat dilakukan melalui berbagai model. Sebagai lembaga penyelenggara pendidikan jarak jauh yang memiliki komunitas global, UT menerapkan model perilaku go green sebagai salah satu media untuk melakukan pendidikan karakter. Keinginan UT menjadi bagian dari world class university merupakan salah satu dorongan kuat mewujudkan UT sebagai go green. Melalui gerakan UT Go Green, UT berharap dapat membantu mengatasi masalah pemanasan global, yang juga menjadi perhatian dalam lingkungan world class university.

UT Go Green adalah suatu gerakan ajakan bertujuan meningkatkan kewaspadaan kepada lingkungan. Praktek dari gerakan ini antara lain mengurangi konsumsi karbon tiap orang per kapita (carbon footprint) atas berbagai sumber daya baik yang tidak bisa diperbarui seperti minyak bumi, gas dan mineral, maupun sumber daya kritis seperti pohon, air, lahan marginal, bahan-bahan kimia pembuat polymer termasuk plastik, dan lain-lain. Gerakan UT Go Green merupakan inisiatif untuk mengantisipasi perubahan iklim global (global warming), yang merupakan suatu era pembaruan pikiran dan perbuatan konkret yang taktis untuk mengintegrasikan kegiatan kehidupan manusia dengan konsep pembangunan yang berkesinambungan (sustainability).

GO GREEN SEBAGAI MODEL PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER

Go gren adalah gerakan yang memperhatikan lingkungan. Gerakan ini dapat juga disebut environmentalisme, suatu gerakan sosial yang berusaha menegakkan pelestarian, restorasi, dan memelihara lingkungan alam. Denton E Morrison membagi gerakan ini menjadi tiga komponen yaitu pertama, gerakan lingkungan yang terorganisir, yang digerakan oleh sekelompok orang seperti lembaba swadaya masyarakat secara sukarela. Termasuk dalam kategori ini adalah organisasi lingkungan seperti Enviromental Devense Fund, Green Peace atau di Indonesia adalah LSM seperti Walhi dan Jaringan Pelestarian Hutan “SKEPHI”. Komponen kedua, gerakan lingkungan publik , adalah khalayak ramai atau individual yang sikap, tindakan, dan kata-katanya sehari-hari menyatakan kesukaannya dan menjaga kelsatarian lingkungan. Komponen ketiga, adalah gerakan lingkungan yang terlembaga secara institusional, yang mengeluarkan kebijakan yang pro lingkungan. Di Negara-negara berkembang, komponen yang ketiga ini sangat menentukan, karena di Negara-negara ini peranan negara sangat dominan dan peranan aparat-aparat birokrasi resmi mempunyai kewenangan hukum (yuridiksi) terhadap kebijakan umum tentang lingkungan hidup atau yang berkaitan dengan lingkungan hidup. (http://gogreenindonesia.blogspot.com/2008/05/pencintaalam-

dan-paradigma-gerakan.html).

Jika kita menjenerikan go green dengan enviromentalisme, maka sejarah go green telah mengalami perjalanan yang cukup panjang. Dari Wikipedia, Gerakan ini dapat ditelusur dari Inggris. Pada tahun 1272, Raja Inggris, Edwar II mengeluarkan larangan pembakaran batu bara yang dianggap menyebabkan polusi udara. Kemudian gerakan yang sama juga dilakukan oleh Ratu Vicoria dari Inggris dengan mengeluarkan kebijakan “kembali ke alam”. Kebijakan ini dilakukan pada masa keemasan revolusi industri di Inggris pada abad ke-19. Pada periode yang sama, gerakan “kembali ke alam” juga dilakukan oleh kalangan intelektual seperti John Ruskin, William Morris, dan Edward Carpenter. Mereka melawan konsumerisme, polusi, dan kegiatan lain yang berbahaya dan mengancam kelestarian alam. Jauh sebelum gerakan “kembali ke alam” Victoria, di Amerika Serikat, Benjamin Franklin yang merupakan salah seorang penandatangan deklarasi kemerdekaan Amerika Serikat bersama warga Philadelphia mengajukan petisi untuk menghentikan pembuangan limbah dan menghapus penyamakan kulit di daerah komersial Philadelpia. (http://pelestarian-alam-1993.blogspot.com/2011/11/pelestarian-lingkungan-hidup.html) dan sumber lain). Gerakan pencinta lingkungan bahkan dilakukan juga oleh Hitler. Pada saat berkuasa, gerakanperlindungan lingkungan dan perlindungan binatang merupakan isu yang popular dari rezim tersebut.

Tulisan tentang sejarah Go Green terinspirasi dari tulisan dalam forum online Himpunan Pemerhati Lingkungan Indonesia (HPLI) pada 8 Juni 2009 (http://www.hpli.org/forum). Gerakan hijau atau lebih popular dikenal dengan istilah “Go Green” awalnya dideklarasikan oleh sebuah kelompok masyarakat di kota Hobart, Australia yang bernama “United Tasmanian Group” pada tahun 1972. Gerakan ini diikuti oleh negara-negara lain antara lain Kanada dan New Zealand. Gerakan hijau ini menganut paham demokrasi partisipatori dan berlandaskan prinsip “Think Globally, Act Locally”, untuk isu-isu lingkungan. Gerakan hijau merupakan suatu gerakan yang berusaha menempatkan manusia sebagai penentu dalam mengatasi kesenjangan antara pembangunan dan lingkungan. Dalam beberapa kasus, gerakan ini umumnya berupa advokasi lingkungan yang berusaha meningkatkan kontrol sosial dalam kaitannya dengan pelestarian lingkungan alam.

Gerakan Hijau berkembang menjadi wacana politik dan kebijakan pemerintah. Berbagai negara mulai menyadari perlunya tindakan-tindakan politik yang melindungi dan menjaga keberadaan lingkungan. Dalam gerakan antarnegara muncul juga badan-badan antarnegara yang menyuarakan agar Negara mempertahankan nilai-nilai ekologi, seperti lahirnya Protokol Kyoto.

Secara umum Protokol Kyoto adalah sebuah amandemen terhadap Konvensi Rangka Kerja PBB tentang Perubahan Iklim (UNFCCC), sebuah persetujuan internasional mengenai pemanasan global. Perubahan iklim (climate change) adalah gejala naiknya suhu permukaan bumi akibat naiknya intensitas efek rumah kaca yang kemudian menyebabkan terjadinya pemanasan global. Kenaikan suhu udara ini dipicu oleh semakin tingginya kadar Gas Rumah Kaca (GRK) di atmosfer, diantaranya oleh CO2 yang banyak dihasilkan dari aktivitas manusia seperti kegiatan pembakaran bahan bakar fosil (misalnya minyak, gas, batubara) yang banyak digunakan untuk industri, transportasi, rumah tangga, pembangkit, dan lain-lain. (http://www.gogreenindonesiaku.com/green_opinion1.php#)

Di luar itu, sebetulnya kita dapat berperan dalam mengurangi pemanasan global. UT sebagai institusi pemerintah, berusaha untuk ikut andil dalam upaya mengurangi pemanasan global melalui program UT go green.

Melalui program UT Go Green, UT dapat mewujudkan fungsi pendidikan nasional, yaitu membentuk karakter yang peduli lingkungan. Peduli lingkungan merupakan salah satu perwujudkan dari tujuan pendidikan nasional, yaitu bertanggung jawab terhadap lingkungan.

Di samping unsur efektivitas dan efisiensi, penerapan konsep UT Go Green ternyata juga merupakan salah satu persyaratan dalam penentuan world’s class university terhadap semua perguruan tinggi di dunia dengan mengangkat isu pemanasan global. UT berkeinginan kuat untuk menjadi bagian dari world’s class university tersebut. Oleh karena itu, penerapan konsep UT Go Green di UT sudah merupakan kebutuhan yang bersifat mutlak.

Gerakan UT Go Green diarahkan untuk perubahan karakter seluruh karyawan UT dalam menyikapi ketersediaan sumber daya dengan dimulai perubahan kebiasaan, yang selanjutnya menuju perubahan perilaku.

Melalui gerakan Go Green, UT berharap dapat aktif dalam pembangunan karakter bangsa. Melalui gerakan Go Green, UT berharap dapat ikut berpartisipasi dalam membentuk pribadi-pribadi bangsa Indonesia menjadi pribadi-pribadi yang tangguh, berahlak mulia, berbudi luhur, toleran, bergotong royong, berjiwa patriotik, berkembang dinamis, berorientasi iptek yang semuanya dijiwai oleh iman dan takwa kepada Tuhan yang Maha Esa berdasarkan Pancasila, sehingga dapat menjadikan bangsa Indonesia sebagai bangsa yang merdeka, bersatu, berdaulat, adil, dan makmur.

Untuk mencapai karakter yang diharapkan tersebut, diperlukan pribadi-pribadi yang berkarakter. Pribadi yang berkarakter memiliki keterpaduan antara olah hati, olah pikir, olahraga, olah rasa dan karsa. Olah hati berkenaan dengan perasaan sikap dan keyakinan. Karakter yang bersumber pada olah hati ini antara lain beriman dan bertakwa, jujur, amanah, adil, tertib, taat aturan, bertanggung jawab, berempati, berani mengambil risiko, pantang menyerah, rela berkorban, dan berjiwa patriotik.

Olah pikir berkenaan dengan proses nalar guna mencari dan menggunakan pengetahuan secara kritis, kreatif, dan inovatif. Karakter yang bwersumber dari olah pikir adalah cerdas, kritis, kreatif, inovatif, ingin tahu, produktif, beroriantasi iptek, dan reflektif.

Olahraga berkenaan dengan proses persepsi dan penciptaan aktivitas secara sportif. Karakter yang bersumber dari olahraga atau kinestika adalah bersih dan sehat, sportif, tangguh, andal, berdaya tahan, bersahabat, kooperatif, determinatif, kompetitif, ceria, dan gigih.

Olah rasa dan karsa berhubungan dengan kemauan dan kreativitas yang tercermin dalam kepedulian, citra, dan penciptaan kebaruan. Karakter yang bersumber dari olah rasa dan karsa adalah antara lain, berperikemanusiaan, saling menghargai, gotong royong, kebersamaan, ramah, hormat, toleran, rasionalis, peduli, mengutamakan kepentingan umum, cinta tanah air, bangga menggunakan bahasa dan produk Indonesia, dinamis, kerja keras, dan beretor kerja (Pemerintah Republik Indonesia, 2010: 21-22).

Jika gambaran tersebut disederhanakan, olah pikir dapat menghasilkan karakter cerdas, olah hati menghasilkan karakter jujur, olahraga menghasilkan karakter tangguh, dan olah rasa membentuk karakter peduli. Gerakan Go Green diharapkan dapat menghasilkan keempat sikap tersebut sehingga membentuk pribadi yang berkarakter.

Cerdas merupakan sifat yang ditandai oleh perilaku dan tindakan yang tepat dalam menghadapi sebuah situasi. Individu yang cerdas senantiasa memiliki kemampuan berfikir yang baik sebelum memutuskan untuk bertindak. Kecerdasan selain dipengaruhi oleh faktor genetik juga dibentuk oleh faktor pengalaman, melalu pengalaman yang bermakna seseorang akan memiliki sifat dan karakter yang kuat yang dapat digunakan untuk menghadapi sebuah kondisi dan situasi.

Individu perlu memiliki karakter cerdas dalam menghadapi situasi cerdas dalam menghadapi situasi dan kondisi yang berkembang semakin kompleks. Terkait dengan pola hidup Go Green seseorang harus dapat memilih sikap dan tindakan yang tepat untuk dapat menciptakan kehidupan yang nyaman, aman dan lestari ekologis.

Pembentukan karakter cerdas terjadi manakala individu telah memiliki pengetahuan untuk menentukan suatu sikap atau tindakan. Untuk membangkitkan karakter ini UT, sebagai penggagas gerakan Go Green, perlu memfasilitasi sivitas akademika dengan nuansa lingkungan yang berwawasan konservasi.

PROGRAM KERJA UT GO GREEN

Gerakan UT Go Green dicanangkan oleh Rektor UT pada tanggal 2 Mei 2010, bertepatan dengan hari Pendidikan Nasional, sekaligus merupakan pembukaan dari rangkaian acara Dies Natalis UT yang puncaknya pada 4 September. Acara yang dihadiri oleh Wakil Menteri Pendidikan Nasional ini ditandai dengan penyematan pin UT Go Green yang diikuti oleh seluruh karyawan UT baik di Pusat maupun di 37 UPBJJ-UT di daerah. Sejak itu, untuk mengingatkan seluruh karyawan UT untuk selalu melakukan tindakan go green, setiap karyawan wajib mengenakan pin UT Go Green sampai tanggal 4 September 2010 yang merupakan puncak acara dari rangkaian kegiatan Dies Natalis.

Kebijakan untuk mengembangkan UT Go Green adalah upaya untuk menumbuhkembangkan sikap mental warga UT menjadi manusia yang berjiwa entrepreneur, hemat, efisien, efektif dan disiplin. Strategi yang dijalankan adalah keteladanan sikap mental, dan komitmen untuk menwujudkan kebijakan tersebut.

Upaya yang dilakukan untuk mewujudkan kebijakan UT Go Green saat ini adalah dengan sosialiasai program melalui berbagai madia seperti forum rapat, upacara bendera, maupun web. Program yangh sekarang berjalan untuk mewujudkan UT Go Green adalah penghematan listrik, penghematan kertas dan tinta/tonner, dan penghijauan.

Beberapa program kegiatan yang dapat dijadikan sebagai implementasi dan sekaligus dapat menjadi indikator tingkat keberhasilan penerapan UT Go Green, antara lain: (1) Bangunan UT Go Green yang menghasilkan karakter cerdas, tangguh, jujur, dan peduli sebagai pigurnya.

Pengurangan penggunaan kertas; (2) Pengurangan penggunaan energi/listrik; (3) Pengurangan penggunaan Air; (4) Pengurangan penggunaan produk berbahan baku plastik dan yang berbahaya bagi kesehatan; (5) Maksimalisasi Ruang Terbuka Hijau dan estetika; dan (6) Peningkatan Keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja.

Pengurangan Penggunaan kertas

Kertas merupakan sarana kerja yang paling banyak digunakan dalam kegiatan perkantoran. Kondisi yang ada selama ini menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar kantor baik pemerintah maupun swasta sangat boros dalam pemakaian kertas. Hal ini bukan saja akan berdampak pada meningkatnya volume limbah yang dihasilkan, namun juga secara tidak langsung hal ini akan memboroskan penggunaan sumber daya alam hutan, yaitu kayu yang ditandai dengan peningkatan penebangan pohon.

Di UT, kertas selain untuk tata persuratan perkantoran, digunakan pula untuk peencetakan draft buku materi pokok (modul), dokumen lelang, kontrak, dan pencetakan naskah ujian. Untuk penghematan kertas, UT telah mengeluarkan kebijakan dalam beberapa hal. Undangan rapat dan notulennya dikirim melalui e-mail. Pembuatan draft dokumen lelang, kontrak, pengoreksiannya dilakukan secara elektronik. Jika terpaksa menggunakan draft secara tercetak, pencetakannya dilakukan secara dua muka (bolak-balik). Saat ini hampir semua undangan rapat, pendistribusian notulen rapat, dan sarana komunikasi lain seperti pengoresian naskah buku materi pokok, draft dokumen kontrak, draft dokumen lelang, dan semacamnya dilakukan secara elektronik.

Pengurangan Penggunaan Energi

Energi listrik merupakan energy yang paling banyak digunakan untuk kegiatan perkantoran pada umumnya. Listrik digunakan untuk penerangan, computer, dan AC. Untuk bisa menghemat penerangan listrik, maka gedung didesain dengan menggunakan pencahayaan alam secara maksimal. Dengan demikian kita dapat sedikit mungkin menggunakan penerangan listrik. Jika terpaksa harus menggunakan penerangan listrik, penggunakan lampu listrik harus menggunakan jenis lampu yang hemat energy. Secara bertahap UT mengganti lampu-lampu kerja dengan jenis Light Emitting Diode (LED). Jenis lampu ini selain dapat menghemat penggunaan energi listrik juga dapat mengurangi panas ruangan dibandingkan dengan menggunakan lampu biasa (neon, bohlam maupun lainnya).

Sebuah perusahaan di Carolina Utara, Amerika telah membuat gedung yang penerangannya menggunakan lampu LED sebagai pengganti lampu biasa. Hasilnya, mereka dapat menghemat energi yang digunakan sampai 48%. (http://www.otakku.com/2007/11/12/office-building-lit-fullyby-led/)

Akibat panas yang disebabkan oleh lampu penerangan listrik yang berkurang, maka panas ruang kerja juga menjadi berkurang, sehingga beban AC untuk mendinginkan ruang kerja juga berkurang. Pengurangan beban AC akan mengurangi pemakaian daya listrik sangat berarti. Perlu diketahui, beban listrik yang paling besar untuk keperluan kantor adalah AC.

Pengurangan penggunakan AC dilakukan juga dengan mematikan AC pada ruangruang sidang yang tidak digunakan atau ruang kerja yang ditinggalkan penghuninya. Cara lain untuk penghematan listrik dari penggunaan AC adalah dengan memasang timer AC. AC diset untuk hidup sejak jam 08 pagi dan akan mati secara otomatis pada jam 16 sore. Di samping itu, pada gedung baru, UT mencoba menggunakan AC dengan tipe VRV. VRV merupakan singkatan dari Variable Refrigerant Volume yang artinya sistem kerja refrigerant yang berubahubah. VRV system adalah sebuah teknologi yang sudah dilengkapi dengan CPU dan kompresor inverter dan sudah terbukti menjadi handal, efisiensi energi, melampaui banyak aspek dari sistem AC lama seperti AC Sentral, AC Split, atau AC Split Duct. Jadi dengan VRV Sistem, satu outdoor bisa digunakan untuk lebih dari 2 indoor AC. (http://cvastro.com/ac-daikinvrv-system.htm). Dengan system tersebut, UT dapat mengurangi penggunaan listrik secara berarti.

Listrik UT disuplai oleh dua sumber, yaitu dari gandul (1500 KVA) dan dari Kebayoran Lama (1000 KVA). Supai listrik dari Gandul digunakan untuk gedung-gedung bagian belakang dengan beban terpasang 1380 KVA. Dari hasil pengukuran yang dilakukan sampai bulan November 2011, diketahui bahwa dari 1380 KVA terpasang, pemakaian listrik maksimum pada beban puncak sebesar 867 KVA. Sedangkan pemakaian maksimum beban puncak pada saat wisuda yang semua gedung menggunakan energy puncak, bebannya naik menjadi 1068,5. Dari situ terlihat ada 231,5 KVA daya listrik yang tersisa yang bisa juga dikatakan sebagai penghematan.

Pengurangan Penggunaan Air

Air bersih di UT dimanfaatkan oleh pegawai untuk kebutuhan MCK, kebersihan, dan tanaman. Sedangkan untuk kebutuhan minum dipasok dari perusahaan air minum yang langsung dapat diminum (dispenser). Untuk kebutuhan tersebut diperlukan konservasi sumber daya air berupa pemeliharaan keberadaan, keberlanjutan ketersediaan, mutu, sifat, dan fungsi sumber daya air agar senantiasa tersedia dalam kuantitas dan kualitas yang memadai untuk memenuhi kebutuhan baik pada waktu sekarang maupun yang akan datang.

Usaha yang dapat dilakukan UT dalam memelihara sumber-sumber air tanah yang dilingkungan UT adalah dengan cara penggunaan peralatan pompa dan instalasi air sesuai standar dan pengelolaan pembuangan air kotor yang sesuai dengan prinsip kesehatan, sosialisasi program konservasi sumber daya air tersebut di kalangan karyawan UT. Saat ini, UT melakukan outsourcing untuk pengelolaan sumber daya air tersebut.

Ruang Terbuka Hijau dan Estetika

Bulan Februari tahun 2002, Jakarta menghadapi banjir di mana-mana. UT yang letaknya di bagian Selatan Jakarta termasuk wilayah yang terkena musibah banjir. Sebagian kantor UT seperti FMIPA, Perpustakaan, Gudang bahan ajar, rumah dinas rector, dan gedung percetakan, merupakan gedung-gedung yang terkena banjir. Empang-empang yang ada di bagian utara UT tidak dapat menampung luapan air. Atas dasar pengalaman tersebut, empang-empang sepanjang pinggir sungai yang terkesan kumuh dan telah menjadi milik UT diolah dengan dibentuk danau buatan, sedangkan tanah lumpur yang diangkat dari empang-empang tersebut, kemudian dicampur dengan tanah merah dari luar digunakan untuk meninggikan bagian bagian tanah di sekitar danau. Gagasan awal adalah menampung luapan air sungai ke dalam danau dan kelebihan air yang ada dalam danau tersebut baru dialirkan kembali ke sungai. Dengan cara ini diharapkan dapat menekan banjir di sekitar UT yang terjadi setiap musim hujan. Area di sekitar danau yang luasnya lebih dari dua hektar penghijauan, sehingga daerah yang tadinya kumuh, tidak terolah, menjadi area yang bersih, hijau, dan nyaman untuk rekreasi warga UT. Dengan demikian, danau yang semula dibangun untuk resapan air, digunakan pula menjadi arena rekreasi keluarga yang nyaman. Sekitar danau juga dibuat jogging track sehingga dapat digunakan untuk arena olah raga bagi warga UT. Di arena ini masih ada lahan seluas dua ha terbuka hijau yang masih memungkinkan untuk lebih dihijaukan.

Komitmen untuk pengijauan kantor tidak hanya dilakukan di UT pusat, tetapi juga di kantor-kantor UPBJJ yang tersebr di 37 kota. UT bahkan bekerja sama dengan berbagai instansi untuk melakukan penghijauan, seperti penghijauan di sekitar longsoran Situ Gintung, dan Jatiluhur, pelatihan pembuatan biopori terhadap warga di sekitar UT.

Ke depan, UT akan terus berkomitmen untuk melakukan penghijauan lahan-lahan kosong di sekitar kantor. Jika sebelumnya lebih menitikberatkan kea rah pengembangan taman, maka ke depan penghijauan akan diarahkan ke penghutanan, dengan menanam pohon keras yang dapat menyimpan air lebih lama. Hal ini sesuai dengan haparan UT yang terletak di bagian selatan Jakarta untuk dapat membantu menjadi penyangga ibukota Republik Indonesia yang kita cintai melalui penyediaan ruang terbuka hijau.

Kondisi ideal perimbangan antara luas bangunan dengan Ruang Terbuka Hijau adalah 70:30. Maksud rasio ini adalah luas maksimum untuk bangunan dan jalan adalah 70% dan minimum 30% untuk Ruang Terbuka Hijau (RTH). Bukan hanya untuk keteduhan, tanaman juga dapat mendaurulang gas CO2 di udara dan sekaligus menghasilkan udara segar (Oksigen/O2) yang memberikan kenyamanan bagi lingkungan sekitarnya. Di samping itu, vegetasi/tanaman dapat memberikan nilai estetika/keindahan tersendiri bagi lingkungan kantor.

Kantor Pusat UT di Pondok Cabe sekarang memiliki lahan 156.348 m2. Sebanyak 35,75% telah dimanfaatkan untuk pembangunan fasilitas gedung dan jalan dan 64,25% berupa lahan terbuka termasuk resapan air berupa danau buatan. Untuk membantu pelestarian air tanah, di sekitar gedung hendaknya dibuatkan biopori tanah untuk resapan air dan sekaligus untuk menghasilkan pupuk organik yang berasal dari pemangkasan tanaman di lingkungan UT. Sehingga UT tidak perlu menyediakan lahan untuk pembuangan sisa perawatan tanaman. UT harus melakukan program sosialisasi tentang prinsip penggunaan lahan 70:30 ini dan pemanfaatan Ruang Terbuka Hijau.

Keselamatan & Kesehatan Kerja

Semua perkantoran termasuk UT hendaknya dapat menjelaskan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja dilingkungan kerjanya masing-masing, juga mampu mengidentifikasi bahaya dilingkungan kerja serta mampu mengukur dan mengevaluasi faktor-faktor bahaya lingkungan. Untuk hal tersebut diperlukan penjelasan cara kerja yang aman dan sehat, yang sering disebut sebagai standar ”Prosedur Sistem Operasional” yang sesuai dengan bidang pekerjaannya.

Dalam menerapkan Sistem Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja diperlukan program yang jelas, misalnya dengan melakukan pelatihan penggunaan alat-alat keselamatan kerja di tempat-tempat tertentu, memasang dan memelihara APK, dan mensosialisasikan program K3 sesuai dengan kondisi UT.

Program-program tersebut terus disosialisasikan terhadap warga UT, dan diharapkan dapat terinternalisasi sehingga lama-kelamaan menjadi bagian dari gaya hidup yang terpancar dalam perilaku sehari-hari.

KESIMPULAN

Go green dapat dijadikan salah satu model dalam pendidikan karakter. UT Go Green bukan bukan hanya merupakan gerakan moral dalam membangun kesadaran terhadap kelestarian lingkungan, tetapi jauh lebih dari itu, merupakan gerakan taktis dan strategis guna mengatasi perubahan iklim.

Proses pembentukan karakter go green dilakukan melalui sosialisasi secara terusmenerus dalam setiap nafas kehidupan perkantoran. Tahapan dalam pembentukan karakter go green dapat dilakukan melalui pemberian pengetahuan tentang go green sehingga warga UT dapat merasakan atau mengetahui baik buruknya gerakan UT Go Green. Selanjutnya warga UT akan mengambil sikap untuk berperilaku go green setelah mengatahui manfaatnya. Perubahan perilaku ini dapat dilihat dari perilaku sebelum ada gerakan go green dan sesudah ada gerakan go green. Dalam perilaku organisasi yang lebih nyata saat ini, misalnya, di UT hampir tidak ada undangan rapat yang tidak menggunakan email. Pemakaian lampu kerta sedapat mungkin menggunakan penerangan alam.

Dari gerakan go green diharapkan tumbuh karakter manusia Indonesia yang cerdas, jujur, tangguh, dan peduli. Karakter tersebut dapat dibentuk melalui proses sosialisasi yang terus menerus sehingga perilaku go green dapat terinternalisasi dalam jika setiap individu. Individu tersebut kemudian dapat mempengaruhi sikap hidup di sekitarnya dan seterusnya sehingga lama-lama perilaku go green dapat terbentuk menjadi karakter masyarakat, yang dalam konteks yang lebih luas dapat menjadi karakter bangsa.

UCAPAN TERIMA KASIH

Kegiatan penulisan buku Model Pendidikan Karakter ini memperoleh dukungan financial dari Direktorat Tenaga Pendidikan dan Tenaga Kependidikan, Direktorat Jenderal Pendidikan Tinggi, Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudaya. Untuk itu kami mengucapkan terima kasih kepada Direktorat Tenaga Pendidikan dan Tenaga Kependidikan, Direktorat Jenderal Pendidikan Tinggi, Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudaya, karena tanpa dukungan tersebut buku ini tidak mungkin terbit. Penulis juga mengucapkan terima kasih kepada Profesor Tian Belawati, Rektor UT yang telah memberikan kepercayaan untuk menjadi tim penulis. Rasa terima kasih kami sampaikan pula kepada Profesor Atwi Suparman, Profesor Udin Winataputra, dan Ibu Ir. Nadia Sri Damayanti, M.Ed, M.Si., atas masukan-masukannya dalam penulisan buku ini. Terakhir, rasa terima kasih dihaturkan untuk teman-temen penulis buku UT Go Green: Model Pendidikan Karakter, atas kerja samanya sehingga terbit buku tersebut.

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

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http://pelestarian-alam-1993.blogspot.com/2011/11/pelestarian-lingkungan-hidup.html
http://cvastro.com/ac-daikin-vrv-system.htm (9 Des 2011)
http://www.hpli.org/forum (Nov 2010)
http://pelestarian-alam-1993.blogspot.com/2011/11/pelestarian-lingkungan-hidup.html (Nov.2010)
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http://www.gogreenindonesiaku.com/green_opinion1.php# (8 Des 2011)
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